The Apollo Solar models TSW2212, TSW3224 and TSW3648 include a DC to AC true sine wave inverter, battery charger and AC transfer switch in a compact modular housing. The inverters are ideal solutions for off-grid, residential and commercial battery-based installations systems in the 2kW-12kW range.  To read more click download. 

Climate change has become an increasingly urgent global issue.  Recent studies suggest that the consequences could be more severe and materialize more quickly than previously anticipated, increasing the likelihood of catastrophic damage across the world. Given the complexity, scale, and urgency of the changes needed to significantly reduce our greenhouse gas emissions, it is clear that we must use all the tools at our disposal.  The breadth and complexity of the challenge require action across a variety of economic sectors and geographies. Emissions ofgreenhouse gases can be reduced through energy efficiency measures, fuel switching, and meeting our energy needs through various renewable energy and low-carbon technologies. However, the overall feasibility of each option varies depending on technological readiness,government support, ability to attract finance, and scalability.

This paper describes the application of photovoltaic (PV) solar cells in planar antenna structures.  The radiating patch element of a planar antenna is replaced by a solar cell. Furthermore radiating slots are built due to the cell spacing in a solar cell array. The original feature of a solar cell (DC current generation) remains, but additionally the solar cell is now able to receive and transmit electromagnetic waves. Both single solar cells as well as solar cell arrays can be used as antennas. Furthermore the application field of this new device in wireless communication systems is outlined.  To read more click download.

There are 3 different concepts that have been investigated.  All these concepts have the ability of meeting the accuracy and durability needs.  Three main components identified were: Structure, Drive System, & Foundation.  Result of this study estimate on areas specific cost.  To read more click download.

This is a review of Concentrix Solar CPV system in Seville.  To read more click download.

The SPC provides all the electronics for a battery-based PV system in a single cabinet. The Apollo Solar SPC 120/240 Solar Power Center is a complete Off-Grid PV Power System, factory wired and ready for quick installation. The Inverter, Charge Controller, System Monitor and all the circuit breakers are inside a single enclosure. The installer need only connect the PV Input, Battery Cables, AC Load and generator input.  To read more click download. 

VGB Congress Power Plants 2001 · Brussels · October 10 to 12, 2001 Solar Power – Photovoltaics or Solar Thermal Power Plants?  To read more click download

ABSTRACT: During the last year Concentrix has installed FLATCON® systems in several different European countries. The FLATCON® technology is based on high efficient III-V mulitjunction solar cells. At a concentration ratio of 385 Concentrix achieves module efficiencies up to 27%.. The FLATCON® modules are installed on high precision tracking systems.  To read more click download.

Recently, high-concentration PV using III-V solar cells becomes more attractive and several companies were founded. In the first part of this paper we present examples of III-V based high-concentration systems.. The second part of the paper is devoted to experimental results obtained for a CPV system using FLATCON®-type modules. An averaged system efficiency of 19.1 % and a maximum system efficiency of 22.2 % was determined.  FLATCON® test modules of using triple-junction solar cells achieved outdoor measured efficiencies of 26.8 %.  To read more click download.

Presented herein is the sequentially controlled distributed solar-array power system with maximum power tracking (MPT). The power system controller sequentially activates sufficient solar-array sourced dc-dc converter power-processing channels, of which paralleled-outputs supply power to a common load. A “shared-bus” currentsharing method utilizing distributed MPT control is employed to regulate parallel-connected current-mode converters dedicated to each power channel. Among the activated solar-array power channels, the most recently activated channel provides output bus voltage regulation while the previously activated channels are operated in MPT mode. The remaining inactive power channels consume negligible power resulting in lower component temperatures and improved overall long-term system reliability.To read more click download 

This project involves making efficient photovoltaic (PV) cells with semiconducting polymers that could be deposited in reel-to-reel coaters. Careful analysis and optimization of each process that occurs in bulk heterojunction PV cells will be carried out and devices based on ordered interpenetrating networks of organic and inorganic semiconductors will be created. Specifically this research will lead to devices that will efficiently split excitons and carry charge to electrodes, that will have improved packing of the molecules in the organic semiconductor to enhance its ability to carry charge, and that will have a modified organic-inorganic interface to prevent recombination of electrons and holes. It is anticipated that charge recombination in the cells will be almost completely eliminated and energy conversion efficiencies in the range of 10-15% will be obtained.

The cost of retrofitting PV onto existing homes is high due to the challenge of custom designing small systems to fit existing roofs. The roofs may not have the necessary solar orientation or exposure and may be cluttered with obstacles such as vents and chimneys, etc. This paper presents a concept for a retractable pre-packaged PV system that could be installed over patios, decks, parking areas, roofs, or any suitable space around existing homes. It will be big enough to meet residential power needs, in a lightweight tensile saddle structure that retracts at high wind speed (20 to 30 mph). A system has been designed and a prototype built (without PV material) for evaluation.  To read more click download.

Use of solar water heating (SWH) in the United States grew significantly in the late 1970s and early 1980s, as a result of increasing energy prices and generous tax credits. Since 1985, however, expiration of federal tax credits and decreased energy prices have virtually eliminated the U.S. market for SWH.1 More recently, increases in energy prices, concerns regarding emissions of greenhouse gases, and improvements in SWH systems have created new interest in the potential of this technology.  To read more click download. 

Headquartered in Green Bay, Wis., Schreiber is a privately held dairy company with sales in excess of $3 billion. Its products – which include process, natural, cream and specialty cheese and yogurt – are sold primarily through customer brand distribution programs.  With this program Schreiber installed a Solar Array to provide the primary means to heat the water used in wash down and cleaning equipment in place. This is a more complex solution requiring further investigation; however, there are large scale solar water heating applications in Phoenix to assist in determining the projects efficacy.  Rough cost estimates of $ 3,500,000 dollars provides a simple payback of 7.4 years. There are external economic factors that will reduce this payback but their analysis was not possible in the time allocated for this assessment.  To read more click download.

Transpired air collector systems essentially consist of a dark-colored, perforated façade installed on a building’s south-facing wall. An added fan or the building’s existing ventilation system draws ventilation air into the building through the perforated absorber plate on the façade and up the plenum (the air space between the absorber and the south wall). Solar energy absorbed by the dark absorber and transferred to the air flowing through it can preheat the intake air by as much as 40°F (22°C). Reduced heating costs will pay for the systems in 3–12 years.   To read more click download.

The highly anticipated new Hamilton Marketplace Complex in Novato, CA. built on the former site of Nave Lanes, created even more excitement by powering the shopping center with clean, green, renewable energy.  SolarCraft designed and installed a 35.4 kilowatt solar energy system...To read more click download

Innovation is one of the defining features of the new Fire and Emergency Services Training Institute at Toronto Pearson International Airport. The facility will provide leading-edge education and intensive training for emergency and crisis situations, and will operate in partnerships with other airports and some of the colleges in the Toronto area. The project is LEED Silver certified and will enable the Greater Toronto Airport Authority (GTAA) to realize significant benefits, including the reduced consumption of traditional fossil fuels, lower water usage, and a healthier indoor environment.  To read more click download.

This installation was a retrofit at an apartment complex in Syracuse, New York. The building was about 25 years ago, and the owners of the building wanted to reduce their energy costs, and improve the ventilation within the corridors.  To read more click download.

KRAUSE-Werk GmbH Co. KG of Alsfeld Germany is a manufacturer of construction products with an extensive history, spanning over 100 years. With production facilities across Germany, Poland, and Hungry, the company management was very concerned about the overall energy operating costs of their buildings as such expenses have a direct impact on profitability.  The company investigated the viability of including renewable energy in their new manufacturing complex, to be built in Swidnica, Poland. Given the nature of the factory, and the planned heating system, it was determined that a solar air heating system would offer the most compelling return on investment.  To read more click download.

Ventilation heating is typically one of the largest single energy requirements for military type buildings, such as vehicle maintenance garages, hangars and warehouses. These types of facilities require a large volume of ventilation air, which is expensive to heat using conventional sources. This is why solar air heating—using the SolarWall® technology—can generate such significant overall energy reductions.  To read more click download.

MDS Nordion is part of MDS Inc, one of the world's foremost global life sciences companies. MDS Nordion is a leader in the biotech industry that specializes in the export of medical isotopes, radiotherapeutics, and related technologies throughout the world. MDS Nordion not only strives to be the world's leading innovator in molecular medicine, but also in protecting the environment.  This is best exemplified by MDS Nordion's Ottawa office gaining ISO 14001:2004 certification. This certification is an internationally recognized standard which specifies the actual requirements for an environmental management system (EMS) and for controlling and improving a company's environmental performance. MDS Nordion was the recipient of a 2007 ENERGY STAR® Market Transformation Award from the Government of Canada. This award is presented to around a dozen businesses and utilities from across Canada in recognition of their exceptional work in promoting energy-efficiency.  To read more click download.

A thousand years ago, mankind began to find ways to pipe water into homes and buildings.  Today, building a home or business that had no water piped in would be unthinkable.  In the mid 1800's, natural gas was harnessed and piped into buildings.  Today, it's estimated that the network of gas pipelines in the U.S., if balanced end to end, would stretch to the moon and back twice.  To read more click download

When designing high reliability power systems for critical loads at remote sites, a variety of considerations must come into play during the design process.  The purpose of this class is to familiarize participants with the key issues affecting reliability. The process starts with the simple, but often overlooked gathering of accurate load information, how to accurately size a solar system and elect the proper solar array and battery bank, how to select reliable components, how to minimize field and installation errors, efficiently use materials, basics on DC-UPS systems, hazardous locations and vendor selection.  To read more click download